1) Consider the following statements about computer software.
1. Software is a set of instructions given to a computer to do a specific task.
2. System software is designed for general user tasks.
3. Hardware is the physical part, while software is the variable part.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

2) Match the computer utilities in the left column with their examples listed in the right column.
A. Operating system                  i. Common line
B. Search engine                        ii. Fedora
C. Console application              iii. Chrome
D. Web browser                          iv. Baidu

3)Read the statements below and choose the correct answer code.
Statement 1:RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, meaning it deletes all data when the computer turns off.
Statement 2:ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile, meaning it saves data even without power.
Statement 3: The CPU (Central Processing Unit) can read and change data in RAM, but only read data from ROM.
Options:

4) Read the statements about the CPU and choose the correct answer code.
Statement 1: The CPU is known as the brain of the computer.
Statement 2: The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) is the part of the CPU that does math and logic tasks.
Statement 3: The CPU contains a Control Unit that manages and guides all hardware operations.
Options:

5) Which of the statements regarding Fiber Optic cables and choose the correct answer.
Statement 1: Fiber optic cables send data using pulses of light.
Statement 2: They rely on Total Internal Reflection to keep the light inside the cable.
Statement 3: Copper cables are faster than fiber optic cables.
Options:

6) Consider the following statements about computer memory:
1. RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and loses its data when the power is turned off.
2. ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile and retains its data even when the computer is powered down.
3. Cache Memory is located inside the CPU and is the slowest type of memory.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

7) Which of the following statements about software is False?

8)Which of the following descriptions regarding computer networks is NOT correct?
1. LAN (Local Area Network) connects computers within a small area like a school or office.
2. WAN (Wide Area Network) connects computers across large geographical distances, like the Internet.
3. AURL (Uniform Resource Locator) is used to protect a computer from viruses.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

9)Which of the following facts about computer hardware?
1. TheFirst Generation of computers used Vacuum Tubes.
2. TheSecond Generation used Transistors.
3. TheThird Generation used Microprocessors.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

10) Consider a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system utilizing a write-back cache and the standard MESI (Modified,Exclusive, Shared, Invalid) cache coherence protocol.
Statement I: If a local processor holds a cache line in the Shared state and intends to execute a write operation to that line, it must broadcast an invalidation signal to the bus, transitioning its own local state directly to Modified.
Statement II: The Exclusive state guarantees that the corresponding line in main memory is dirty (stale) relative to the cache line contents.
Which of the following options is correct?

11)Consider a system with N processes and M identical, non-shareable resources. Let \(Max(P_i)\) be the maximum demand ofresource type R by process \(P_{i}\).
Statement I: The system is completely guaranteed to be free from deadlocks if \(\sum_{i=1}^{n} Max(P_i) < n + m\). Statement II: If a system is currently in an unsafe state according to the Banker’s Algorithm, a deadlock is mathematically guaranteed to occur in the immediate next execution step. Which of the following options is correct?

12) Which of this statements schedules involving a set of concurrent database transactions.?
Statement I: Every conflict-serializable schedule is guaranteed to be view-serializable, but a view-serializable schedule containing no blind writes is always conflict-serializable.
Statement II: The strict two-phase locking (Strict 2PL) protocol completely prevents the occurrence of cascading aborts and guarantees that the resulting schedule is deadlock-free.
Which of the following options is correct?

13)Consider routing and transport layer performance in a modern packet-switched network.
Statement I: The Count-to-Infinity problem in Distance Vector Routing protocols is fundamentally caused by routing loops where two routers continuously update each other with out-of-date metrics, a flaw completely solved by the Split Horizon technique in all network topologies.
Statement II: In TCP BBR (Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time) congestion control, the protocol adjusts its sending rate based on packet loss events rather than estimating the actual physical bottleneck capacity of the network path.
Which of the following options is correct?

14)The properties of formal languages and computational complexity classes.
Statement I: If a language L is context-free, its complement \(\overline{L}\) is guaranteed to be recursively enumerable, but not necessarily context-free.
Statement II: If a problem A is NP-complete and can be reduced to a problem B in polynomial time (\(A \le_p B\)), then problem B must also be NP-complete.
Which of the following options is correct?

15) Which of the following statements regarding Solid State Drives (SSDs) and Hard Disk Drives (HDDs):
Statement I: SSDs process and access data much faster than traditional HDDs because they use flash memory instead of physical, spinning magnetic platters.
Statement II: Because SSDs have no moving mechanical parts, they are generally more durable against accidental drops and consume less power than HDDs.
Which one of the following options is correct?

16) Read the following statements regarding internet safety protocols:
Statement I: When a website URL begins with https://, it means all data sent between your web browser and that website is encrypted and secure from eavesdroppers.
Statement II: “Cookies” are malicious files automatically downloaded from the web that permanently delete cached browser histories to slow down your system.
Which one of the following options is correct?

17) Which of the following statements regarding computer hardware and performance is NOT correct?

18) Which combination of technologies perfectly addresses these three requirements in order?

19) Evaluate the pairs below linking a technology to its correct real-world application:
Pair 1.QR Code – Scanning a matrix barcode to instantly retrieve data or make UPI payments.
Pair 2.Optical Character Recognition (OCR) – Converting scanned images of handwritten or printed text into editable digital text documents.
Pair 3.CAPTCHA – Restricting heavy video downloads to save internet bandwidth on mobile networks.
Which of the pairs listed above are correctly matched?

20)Identify the correct sequence of True (T) or False (F) for the following explanations of everyday technology tools:
A. A PDF file is highly popular because it preserves the exact formatting of a document regardless of the operating system or device used to open it.
B. CC (Carbon Copy) in an email hides the recipient’s email address from everyone else on the recipient list to protect their privacy.
C. Compression software (like WinZip or WinRAR) reduces the size of large files so they take up less storage space and are easier to email.
Choose the correct sequence:

21) Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Statement 1: Translators convert human-readable code into machine-readable code.
Statement 2: Application software directly controls physical hardware operations.
Which of the following statement is correct?

22) Which of the following statements regarding MS Excel is/are CORRECT?
1. A workbook can contain only one single worksheet.
2. The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell.
3. Rows are numbered numerically (1, 2, 3…) and columns are labeled alphabetically (A, B, C…).
Options:

23) Which of the following statements regarding views in MS PowerPoint is/are CORRECT?
1. Slide Sorter View displays all the slides in a presentation in horizontally sequenced, thumbnail form, which is useful for reordering slides.
2. Notes Page View allows you to see your speaker notes exactly as they will look when you print them out.
Which of the following is/are correct?

24) Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding MS PowerPoint?

25) Which of the following statements regarding Python is/are CORRECT?
1. Python is a compiled language where the entire source code is translated into machine code before execution.
2. Python uses indentation (whitespaces) to define blocks of code instead of curly braces
3. Python variables must be explicitly declared with their data type before they can be used.
Options:

26) Which of the following statements regarding HTML is/are CORRECT?
1. HTML is a programming language used to perform mathematical calculations and logic.
2. Most HTML tags have an opening tag and a closing tag , but some tags are “empty” and do not require a closing tag.
3. HTML documents must start with a declaration to tell the web browser the version of HTML being used.
Options:

27) Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding HTML elements?

28) Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1. HTML defines six levels of headings, where

defines the most important (largest) heading and

defines the least important (smallest) heading.
2. All visible content of an HTML document, such as text, images, and links, must be written inside the tags.

29)Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1. An ordered list in HTML starts with the

tag, and its list items are marked with numbers by default.
2. Inside an HTML table, the
tag is used to define a table row, and the
tag is used to define table data (cells).

30) Which of the following options is correct?
Options:
Statement I: A video container format (like .MKV or .MP4) bundles video, audio, and subtitle tracks into a single file.
Statement II: H.264 is a popular compression standard (codec) used to reduce video file sizes for easy streaming.

31) Voice over wi-fi technology (VoWiFi) uses Wi-Fi network to place calls to another person. In this context, consider the following statements about advantsges of VoWiFi over voice LTE/4G (VolLTE)?
1. VoWiFi is data only network whereas VoLTE is a voive network
2. VoWiFi can be done even through smartphones not supporting VoLTE
3. Call drops will be less over VoWiFi as compared to VoLTE
How many of the above given statements is/are correct?

32) Consider the following statements regardingIPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6):
1. It was developed to replace IPv4 due to the exhaustion of available internet addresses.
2. An IPv6 address consists of 128 bits, compared to the 32-bit architecture of IPv4.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

33) With reference to modern artificial intelligence, consider the following statements regarding Large Language Models (LLMs):
1. They are trained using deep learning algorithms on massive datasets to predict the next word in a sequence.
2. They possess innate human-like consciousness and can understand the emotional intent behind text perfectly.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

34) Which one of the following terms best describes a cyber-attack where the attacker cuts off access to a user’s computer system or files, demanding a financial payment to restore it?

35) Consider the following descriptions of AI classifications:
1. Artificial Narrow AI (ANI): AI designed to perform a single, specific task exceptionally well, such as playing chess or facial recognition.
2. Artificial General AI (AGI): AI that possesses the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across any intellectual task at a human level.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

36) With reference to Facial Recognition Technology (FRT), consider the following statements:
1. It uses computer vision algorithms to map facial features from a photo or video and compares them to a database.
2. Algorithmic bias in FRT can lead to higher error rates and misidentifications for certain demographic groups if the training dataset lacks diversity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

37) Which of the following statements accurately describe how spelling and grammar errors are detected and handled inMicrosoft Word?
I. A red squiggly underline indicates a recognized spelling error or an unrecognized word in the dictionary.
II. Pressing the F5 key on the keyboard instantly launches the manual spelling and grammar proofing pane.
III. Contextual mistakes and grammatical errors are flagged with a blue double underline.
IV. Automatic error detection can be enabled or disabled by navigating to File > Options > Proofing.
Options:

38) Which of the following statements accurately describe MICR technology and its primary application?
I. MICR is exclusively used in the banking industry for processing paper checks.
II. It uses special magnetic ink that can be read even if the characters have been written over or smudged.
III. Retail stores widely use MICR technology to scan product barcodes during checkout.
IV. The MICR line at the bottom of a check contains the routing number, account number, and check number.
Options:

39) Which of the following statements accurately describe the invention and history of the World Wide Web?
I. The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
II. The primary purpose of the invention was to help scientists at CERN easily share automated information.
III. The World Wide Web and the Internet are identical technologies that were invented at the exact same time.
IV. The first web server and browser ran on a NeXT computer at CERN.
Options:

40) Which of the following statements accurately describe the origin and early development of the Internet?
I. The Internet evolved from ARPANET, a military research project launched during the Cold War era.
II. The first successful message sent over ARPANET was the complete word “LOGIN”, though the system crashed after the first two letters.
III. ARPANET was built using circuit-switching technology, which requires a dedicated physical line between callers.
IV. The creation of the TCP/IP protocol suite later allowed different computer networks to interconnect, forming the modern Internet.

41) Consider the following statements regarding the AutoSum feature in spreadsheets:
Statement 1: The default function applied when clicking the AutoSum button is the SUM function.
Statement 2: The AutoSum feature can only calculate the total of cells that are arranged vertically.
Select the correct statement

42) Which of the following statements regarding software used for writing and editing text:
Statement 1: Notepad is an example of a simple text editor used to create and modify plain text files.
Statement 2: Microsoft Word is an example of a text editor rather than a full-fledged word processor.
Options:

43) Which type of animation has a larger file size than tweened animation?
Statement 1: Frame-by-frame animation generally has a larger file size than tweened animation because it requires a unique, individual image for every single frame.
Statement 2:Tweened animation creates larger files because the software must store full binary images for every generated intermediate frame.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

44) Consider the following statements regarding the Property Inspector panel shortcut keys:
Statement 1: press Ctrl + F3 (Windows) or Cmd + F3 (Mac) to open, close, expand, or collapse the Property Inspector.
Statement 2: The arrow key on the top right corner of the property inspector or pressing the F5 key is the only method to toggle its view.
Options:

45) Which of the following is the correct full form of HTML?

46)Statement: “Excel users can quickly activate dropdown arrows on their data headers using a built-in shortcut.”
To filter data instantly with this shortcut, which keys must you press?

47) Which of the following software tools is required to write and structure the code for a basic HTML document?
Statement 1: A text editor is required to write HTML code.
Statement 2: A web browser is required to execute and display the HTML document.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

48) Which tab in Microsoft Word contains the option to insert a native table or an Excel spreadsheet?

49) What happens if you select “Link to file” when embedding an existing Excel worksheet into a Word document?

50) If you want to use advanced Excel formulas like VLOOKUP directly inside a Word document, which option should you choose under the Table menu?

51) Which paste option should you choose if you want your copied Excel data to match the exact font and colors of your current Word document theme?

52) What is the main benefit of checking “Display as icon” when inserting an Excel file as an object?

53) Which of the following statements about the standard ASCII character-encoding scheme is correct?

54) Which of the following statements accurately describes a key historical or technical fact about the UNIVAC I?

55)Consider the following statements about deadlock avoidance in Operating Systems:
Statement I: A safe state in a deadlock avoidance algorithm is also a deadlock-free state.
Statement II: A system can transition from an unsafe state to a deadlocked state.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

56)Consider the following statements regarding Computer Memory:
Statement I: Secondary storage devices are considered volatile because they lose their stored data when the computer’s power is turned off.
Statement II: Primary memory, such as RAM, is accessed directly by the CPU and is much faster than secondary storage.

57)Which shortcut is used to insert a hyperlink in MS Word?

58) Which of the following option is the shortcut for opening a file through a location dialog box in Microsoft Word?

59) Which one of the following shortcut keys to create a new folder in the windows operating system?

60) Illegal distribution, copying and use of licensed software is called

61) Which of these is a web browser provided by APPLE Corporation?

62) What are the different views available in a PowerPoint presentation?

63) Consider the following statements about using “Styles” in Microsoft Word. Which statement is INCORRECT?

64) ___ is gentler and often quicker because the computer stays powered on during the procedure.

65) 0.3333…, can be expressed in the form ofrational number, i.e. p/q as

66) Consider the following statements about binary numbers and their decimal equivalents:
I. The binary number \(1011_{2}\) is equal to \(11_{10}\).
II. The binary number \(1101_{2}\) is equal to \(13_{10}\).
III. The binary number \(1000_{2}\) is equal to \(10_{10}\).Which of the statements above are correct?

67) A Doughnut chart in Excel is similar to:

68) 192.168.0.1 is an example of?

69) Consider the following statements regarding the HTML element:
Statement I: The src attribute is a mandatory attribute that specifies the URL of the image.
Statement II: The alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image if the image cannot be displayed.
Statement III: The element is a block-level element that requires a closing tag
Which of the statements above are correct?

70) With reference to the following statements regarding common Microsoft Office file formats:
Statement I: The .doc extension is used exclusively by modern versions of Microsoft Word as their default saving format.
Statement II: Excel workbooks that contain automated macro code (VBA) are saved with the .xlsm extension.
Statement III: The standard XML-based layout for Microsoft PowerPoint files uses the .pptx extension.
Choose the correct statement given above.

71) A…… is approximately a million bytes.

72) Which of the following is the correct sequence of smallest to largest units of storage size?

73) What do we call a network whose elements may be separated by some distance? It usually involves two or more networks and dedicated high speed telephone lines.

74) Consider the following statements regarding Network Topologies:
Statement I:In a Star topology, the failure of a single computer cable disrupts the entire network’s communication.
Statement II:In a Mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point connection to every other device.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

75) Consider the following statements regarding application software categories:
Statement I: Desktop Publishing (DTP) software focuses on the precise arrangement of text and graphics for print-ready or digital page layouts.
Statement II: Word Processing software is optimized for complex graphic-heavy layouts, brochures, and commercial magazine formatting.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

76) Consider the following statements regarding vector graphics and layout design:
1. Adobe Illustrator creates images using mathematical paths, making it useful for scalable DTP layouts.
2. Corel Ventura is a vector photo restoration software used to repair damaged digital images.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

77) Choose the correct statements regarding computer terminals:
Statement I: A dumb terminal contains its own CPU and internal hard drive to process data locally before sending it to a network.
Statement II: An intelligent terminal can perform limited data processing tasks independent of the host mainframe computer.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

78) Which of the following units is responsible for converting the data received from the user into a computerunderstandable format?

79) IPv6 does not use ___ type of address?

80) ___ is the default search engine in Tor Browser.?

81) Shortcut key for Find and Replace dialog box is?

82) In Microsoft Word, the footnote option is grouped under ___ tab?

83) Batch processing was mainly used in which generation.

84) Consider the following statements regarding general-purpose applications:
Statement I: Spreadsheet applications allow users to link grid cells together dynamically using mathematical formulas and functions.
Statement I: Database programs are the most appropriate tools for creating standard interactive monthly budget ledgers and trend charts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

85) Consider the following statements regarding software features:
Statement I: Word processors are completely incapable of performing any mathematical operations like addition or multiplication.
Statement I: VisiCalc, released in 1979, was historically the first electronic spreadsheet program developed for personal computers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

86) Consider the following statements regarding CPU architectures:
Statement I:VLIW architecture relies heavily on an advanced software compiler to schedule and bundle independent operations into a single long instruction.
Statement II:Superscalar processors use hardware-based scheduling logic at runtime to execute multiple instructions simultaneously.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

87) Consider the following statements regarding Quantum Computing:
Statement I: Unlike classical computers which use bits, quantum computers use qubits that can exist in a superposition of states representing both 0 and 1 simultaneously.
StatementII: Quantum entanglement allows qubits that are physically separated to share information instantaneously, significantly accelerating complex computational processing.
StatementIII: Quantum computing operates efficiently at room temperature, making it highly scalable for commercial data centers without heavy structural cooling.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

88) With reference to ‘Web 3.0’, consider the following statements:
Statement I:It is a decentralized evolution of the web that shifts data ownership from centralized tech conglomerates back to individual users.
StatementII:It relies extensively on distributed ledger technologies, such as blockchain, and implements token-based economics.
StatementIII:It eliminates the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning to ensure data remains strictly private and immutable.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

89) Consider the following statements regarding ‘Edge Computing’:
Statement I:It processes data locally near the physical source or device where it is generated, rather than routing all traffic to a centralized cloud data server.
Statement II:It significantly increases network latency and bandwidth costs because it decentralizes communication endpoints.
Statement III:It plays a critical functional role in time-sensitive applications like autonomous vehicles, industrial robotics, and smart grids.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

90) Consider the following statements regarding modern data security standards:
Statement I:In Symmetric Key Cryptography, the same single secret mathematical key is used by both the sender to encrypt data and the receiver to decrypt it.
Statement II:Asymmetric Cryptography utilizes a public key for encryption which can be shared openly, and a mathematically linked private key kept secret for decryption.
Statement III:End-to-End Encryption (E2EE) ensures that transit data can only be decrypted by the interacting users, preventing intermediate network service providers from viewing the content.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

91) Consider the following statements regarding Virtual Private Networks (VPN) and data transmission:
Statement I: A VPN secures data by creating an encrypted tunnel over public internet infrastructure, masking the user’s actual Internet Protocol (IP) address.
Statement II: While a VPN encrypts the payload data of an internet packet, it is technically impossible to encrypt the destination IP routing headers.
Statement III: Operating a VPN guarantees absolute data security and complete anonymity, making tracking by state authorities or advanced network sniffers impossible.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

92)With reference to Cloud computing, consider the following statements:
Statement I: In Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), the cloud provider manages the physical hardware, while the user remains responsible for operating systems, middleware, and application data.
Statement II: Platform as a Service (PaaS) allows developers to deploy applications without managing underlying hardware or operating system runtime environments.
Statement III: Software as a Service (SaaS) requires the end-user to manually compile the application source code onto local hardware before execution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

93) consider the following statements regarding computer storage and memory architecture:
1. Cache memory operates at significantly faster speeds than Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) because it is built using Static RAM (SRAM) technology.
2. Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) is a communication interface protocol developed specifically for high-speed Solid-State Drives (SSDs) to overcome legacy SATA connection bottlenecks.
3. Flash memory utilizes floating-gate transistors to retain stored binary data permanently, even when the computer’s power source is entirely disconnected.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

94) Consider the following statements regarding modern cybersecurity threats:
1. A Computer Worm differs from a traditional Computer Virus because a worm can replicate and spread across a network automatically without requiring human action or an active host program.
2. Ransomware is a form of malicious software that extracts data silently over long periods without alerting the user, primarily focusing on corporate espionage.
3. Zero-Day Vulnerabilities refer to security flaws in software that are actively exploited by attackers before the developer becomes aware of them or releases a protective patch.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

95) When was MS excel launched for windows OS?

96) The process of combination of strings is known as :

97) The intersection of a column and a row in a worksheet is called_______

98) The total number of columns in a worksheet?

99) The total number of rows in a worksheet:

100) what is the correct value of the function? =ROUND (1.2345,2)